The strength of an individual's motivation to put in effort at work.

Our behaviour is the result of conscious choices that we make between different alternatives. We each have our own personal goals and needs for satisfying those goals. Some of these needs may be satisfied through work. We can be motivated to work if we believe that:

there is a positive correlation between the efforts we make and the performance that is the result of our efforts - in other words, the more effort we put in, the better performance will be,
good performance will result in a desirable reward, and
the reward (Rewards may be a mixture of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards)
will satisfy an important need.

The motivation to obtain rewards is an important aspects of the theories of writers such as Victor Vroom, McClelland.

There are three specific factors that determine the strength of an individual's motivation.

Valence. is the strength of the individual's need for rewards.
Expectancy. is the strength of the individual's belief that by putting in more effort, he will improve his performance.
Instrumentality. is the belief of an individual that by achieving a certain performance target, rewards will be obtain.

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